Sugar Palms

Sugar palms,Arenga pinnata know locally as aren, are found around the park and tapped for their juice. The sweet sap can be drunk neat, fermented into an alcoholic drink (saguer), or can be boiled down to produce a rich flavoured dark sugar (gula merah). Saguer can be easily purchased in most villages and varies enormously in both flavor and strength. It nay be sweet, sour, acidic, refreshing, or totally inebriating, depending on its 'vintage' or locality. The drink should be treated with respect, not least because it's mix of wild yeasts is completely new to a foreign stomach! The sap is collected by using lengths of hollow bamboo poles propped up against a tree; the owner of the tree will climb it every morning and night to take the juice that has accumulated. A good tree may produce six to seven litres each day and has many other uses, such as providing thatch and material for brushes. Aren trees are not planted but the community acknowledges individual ownership.

Anoa

A close relative of the water buffalo, Sulawesi have a two species Anoa: the mountain Anoa (Bubalus quarlesi and lowland Anoa Bubalus depressicornis. The mountain Anoa is covered in a fine, dense coating of hair, which can be light brown to chocolate or black in colour. It has short conical horns and stands 75 cm at the shoulder. A solitary animal, it is unique in that of the five species of wild cattle in southeast Asia, this is the only one whose major habitat is undisturbed forest, where it feeds on a variety of fruit, leaves, grasses, moss and ferns. Th rugged, high altitude nature of the park suits the endangered mountain Anoa. Although it is considered to be relatively common here, it is reclusive and only observed occasionally feedeng in well-drained areas or lying ruminating along dry, relatively open, ridge tops. A recent survey discovered high densities of the species in the moutainous interior of the park, where footprints, sleeping sites and faeces were frequently seen. Often hunted by poachers, almost to the point of extinction elsewhere, Lore Lindu National Park is now one of the last refuges for this endemic species.

Barkcloth

Traditional barkcloth, kain kulit kayu is still made extensively in the Bada Valley, where it is called ranta. It is occasionally made in Kulawi, where it is called mbesa, and in Napu, where it is know as inodo. Previously, it was used throughout these valleys for blankets, as room dividers, both men's and women's clothing, and even fashioned into saddles for horses. Several tree species can be used to make barkcloth, the most common of which, is the banyan tree (Ficus spp., locally know as nunu). This produces a cloth that is brown or reddish in color. The tree in not killed in the process, as only branches are used. The inner bark is boiled to soften it and then wrapped in banana leaves to ferment for two to four days, It is then pounded with deeply ridged wooden mallets, followed by a series of progressively finer-grooved stone mallets, to produce a thin, smooth piece of material. This process takes another three days, and several pieces of bark can be joined to make a larger cloth. Finally, it may be treated with the sap from another tree to preserve it, and then dried. The whole process takes no more than 10 or 11 days. The cloth is strong, tears can be repaired and a skirt would be expected to last up to rained, people would take their clothes off, roll them up, put them under their arms and walk around naked! In the Bada Valley, the white bark cloth (from the paper mulberry, Broussonetia papyrifera) is painted with brightly-coloured, natural dyes in traditional motifs and geometric disigns.

kacamata Laut

Yellow-bellied White eye; Small; All yellow underparts. Range: Sulawesi subregion, Moluccas (small island only) and W Lesser Sundas, Generally common; locally abundant (e.q. Tanahjampea and Besar). Inhabits secondary forest and open woodland, scrub, mangroves, cultivation, and village and urban garden. Lowland to 1000 (NCen Sulawesi), 1800m (S Sulawesi), 1500m (Lombok) and locally to 1200m (Main lowlands)(Flores). Usually in small flocks. Restless. Forages at all levels in the vegetation. visits fruiting trees. Other name: Moluccan White-eye. This picture from urban garden in the city of Palu (Central Sulawesi Province) at 9 July 2009. foto diambil pada tanggal 9 juli 2009 lokasi taman kantor Palu. Sangat umum ditemukan didataran rendah; sering terlihat dalam kelompok besar; kadang sedikit. menghuni hutan sekunder dan hutan terbuka, perdu, mangrove, lahan budidaya, pedesaan dan taman-taman kota. panjang tubuh sekitar 11 - 12 cm, tubuh bawah seluruhnya kuning, atas kuning keabu-abuan, ekor hitam agak kekuningan, lingkar mata putih.

Maleo

The Maleo, Macrocephalon maleo, is a member of the Megapodiidae family of mound builders or incubator birds. This family of birds is found from eastern Indonesia through to Polynesia and Australia but the Maleo bird itself occurs only in North; Central and Southeast Sulawesi. It has a striking black and white plumage with a rosy pink breast, erect tail and bare helmeted heat sources incubates its eggs; it commonly nests on sandy beaches jeated by the sun, hot springs or vulcanic vents.Within the park, nine nest sites are know. All are located near hot springs or on exposed river banks. Nesting sites are visited in the morning or evening by the birds and are communally used by many pairs. its a noisy affair as they select a location to lay a single egg. Both male and female dig with their strong legs and slightly webbed claws, taking turns once the hole becomes deeper. After laying her 11-30 cm, 240-270 gr egg, the pit is re-filled and several false pits dug to confuse predators (some may have also been started and discarded as temperature or soil moisture was found to be inadequate). The whole process can take up to six hours. Laying occurs all year round but at Lore Lindu there is a seasonal peak between December and January. The female lays and egg approximately every 8-10 days. No parental nurturing occurs and after about three months the chick hatches and spends a day or two scrambling to the surface. Unlike most helpless bird hatchlings, the Maleo chick can immediately fly into the forest. of all birds the Megapodes produce one of the most mature chicks on hatching, hence the need for a large-sized egg and long incubation period. Unfortunately, this also makes the egg susceptible to predators such as pigs, monitor lizards, and human. A combination of over-exploitation of the nesting sites for food and habitat loss due to agriculture is making the maleo increasingly rare. The best places to see these curios birds are at nesting sites at Saluki and Pakuli that are each used by over 50 pairs of birds.

Key Birdwatching Sites In Sulawesi

The following sites represent some of the best and most readily accessible birding areas in Wallacea. Permits to visit all reserves (National Park, strict nature reserves and hunting reserves) must be obtained prior to entry of any such area. Permits for national park can be obtained at the respective park headquarters offices. NORTH SULAWESI Tangkoko Dua Sudara - area: 87 sq km. Elevation: 0-1100m. Status: Strict Nature Reserve. A small but nevertheless very valuable and notably bird-rich reserve within two hours drive of the city of Manado. Perhaps the best place to see Sulawesi's endemic forest-dwelling kingfishers as well as the elusive Red-backed Trush and Small Sulawesi Hanging-parrot. Domuga-Bone National Park - area: 3000 sq km. Elevation: 100-1970m. Status: National Park. A major conservation area supporting a large proportion of Sulawesi's endemic lowland and mind-elevation birds and mammals. Birds of special note include Minahasa Masked Owl, Maleo (probably the best site to see this bird); Yellow-breasted Racquet-tail and Pied Cuckoo-shrike. CENTRAL SULAWESI Lore Lindu - Area: 2290 sq km. Elevation 200-2356m. Status: National Park. An exceptionally rich area harbouring approximately 78% of Sulawesi's endemic birds in addition to many of its large mammals. A well established road provides relatively easy access to superb mid-montane forest at c. 1600m. Thereafter an increasingly eroded, overgrown logging road provides access to elevation up to 2200m near the summit of Gng Rorekatimbu and some magnificent montane forest. The park harbours all but three species of Sulawesi's montane birds. Howeever, the park encompasses very little undisturbed lowland forest, consequently some lowland species may be easier to find at the previous two sites. Morowali - Area: 2000 sq km. Elevation: 0-2600m. Status: Strict Nature Reserve. Located on the little studied central-eastern peninsula, Morowali encompasses an interesting mosaic of forest on ultrabasic soils, limestone and alluvial plains. Thisrarely birded reserve would certainly repay further investigation. SOUTH-EAST SULAWESI Rawa Aopa/Watumohae - Area: 968 sq km. Elevation: 100-1000m. Status National Park. An interesting combination of swamp. hill and coastal forest. Virtually no birders have visited this area and it remains ornithologycally poorly know. SOUTH SULAWESI Bantimurung and Karaenta - Area: 20,018ha. Elevation: 100-750m. Status: National Park. A attractive reserve encompassing lowland and foothill forest, including some inaccessible limestone karst country. The reserve supports a number of Sulawesi's endemic and localised resident birds including the Black-ringed White-eye. Lompobattang Massif - Area: c. 20,000ha. Elevation: 1000-2900m. Status: Proposed Strict Nature Reserve. Home to many montane species including the little know and highly localised Lompobattang Flycatcher. The forest of this isolated massif, visible from Sulawesi' capital, Makasar, are under increasing threat as farmers continue to clear land for agriculture at higher and higher elevations. (book of Guide to the BIRDS OF WALLACEA)

Sulawesi Cicadabird

Sulawesi Cicadabird we founded at garden Dodolo village around 2 september 2008 in Lore Lindu National park. Widespread and locally moderately common on Sulawesi, single, in pairs and small groups. also in mixed-species foraging flocks. Incospicuous; gleans quietly but actively in the canopy and subcanopy. sometimes remains on the same perch for extended periods, permitting prolonged, clear views, inhabits primary and tall secondary lowland, hill and montane forest, lowland to 1770 m (Sulawesi)(Birds of Wallacea).