kacamata Laut

Yellow-bellied White eye; Small; All yellow underparts. Range: Sulawesi subregion, Moluccas (small island only) and W Lesser Sundas, Generally common; locally abundant (e.q. Tanahjampea and Besar). Inhabits secondary forest and open woodland, scrub, mangroves, cultivation, and village and urban garden. Lowland to 1000 (NCen Sulawesi), 1800m (S Sulawesi), 1500m (Lombok) and locally to 1200m (Main lowlands)(Flores). Usually in small flocks. Restless. Forages at all levels in the vegetation. visits fruiting trees. Other name: Moluccan White-eye. This picture from urban garden in the city of Palu (Central Sulawesi Province) at 9 July 2009. foto diambil pada tanggal 9 juli 2009 lokasi taman kantor Palu. Sangat umum ditemukan didataran rendah; sering terlihat dalam kelompok besar; kadang sedikit. menghuni hutan sekunder dan hutan terbuka, perdu, mangrove, lahan budidaya, pedesaan dan taman-taman kota. panjang tubuh sekitar 11 - 12 cm, tubuh bawah seluruhnya kuning, atas kuning keabu-abuan, ekor hitam agak kekuningan, lingkar mata putih.

Maleo

The Maleo, Macrocephalon maleo, is a member of the Megapodiidae family of mound builders or incubator birds. This family of birds is found from eastern Indonesia through to Polynesia and Australia but the Maleo bird itself occurs only in North; Central and Southeast Sulawesi. It has a striking black and white plumage with a rosy pink breast, erect tail and bare helmeted heat sources incubates its eggs; it commonly nests on sandy beaches jeated by the sun, hot springs or vulcanic vents.Within the park, nine nest sites are know. All are located near hot springs or on exposed river banks. Nesting sites are visited in the morning or evening by the birds and are communally used by many pairs. its a noisy affair as they select a location to lay a single egg. Both male and female dig with their strong legs and slightly webbed claws, taking turns once the hole becomes deeper. After laying her 11-30 cm, 240-270 gr egg, the pit is re-filled and several false pits dug to confuse predators (some may have also been started and discarded as temperature or soil moisture was found to be inadequate). The whole process can take up to six hours. Laying occurs all year round but at Lore Lindu there is a seasonal peak between December and January. The female lays and egg approximately every 8-10 days. No parental nurturing occurs and after about three months the chick hatches and spends a day or two scrambling to the surface. Unlike most helpless bird hatchlings, the Maleo chick can immediately fly into the forest. of all birds the Megapodes produce one of the most mature chicks on hatching, hence the need for a large-sized egg and long incubation period. Unfortunately, this also makes the egg susceptible to predators such as pigs, monitor lizards, and human. A combination of over-exploitation of the nesting sites for food and habitat loss due to agriculture is making the maleo increasingly rare. The best places to see these curios birds are at nesting sites at Saluki and Pakuli that are each used by over 50 pairs of birds.

Key Birdwatching Sites In Sulawesi

The following sites represent some of the best and most readily accessible birding areas in Wallacea. Permits to visit all reserves (National Park, strict nature reserves and hunting reserves) must be obtained prior to entry of any such area. Permits for national park can be obtained at the respective park headquarters offices. NORTH SULAWESI Tangkoko Dua Sudara - area: 87 sq km. Elevation: 0-1100m. Status: Strict Nature Reserve. A small but nevertheless very valuable and notably bird-rich reserve within two hours drive of the city of Manado. Perhaps the best place to see Sulawesi's endemic forest-dwelling kingfishers as well as the elusive Red-backed Trush and Small Sulawesi Hanging-parrot. Domuga-Bone National Park - area: 3000 sq km. Elevation: 100-1970m. Status: National Park. A major conservation area supporting a large proportion of Sulawesi's endemic lowland and mind-elevation birds and mammals. Birds of special note include Minahasa Masked Owl, Maleo (probably the best site to see this bird); Yellow-breasted Racquet-tail and Pied Cuckoo-shrike. CENTRAL SULAWESI Lore Lindu - Area: 2290 sq km. Elevation 200-2356m. Status: National Park. An exceptionally rich area harbouring approximately 78% of Sulawesi's endemic birds in addition to many of its large mammals. A well established road provides relatively easy access to superb mid-montane forest at c. 1600m. Thereafter an increasingly eroded, overgrown logging road provides access to elevation up to 2200m near the summit of Gng Rorekatimbu and some magnificent montane forest. The park harbours all but three species of Sulawesi's montane birds. Howeever, the park encompasses very little undisturbed lowland forest, consequently some lowland species may be easier to find at the previous two sites. Morowali - Area: 2000 sq km. Elevation: 0-2600m. Status: Strict Nature Reserve. Located on the little studied central-eastern peninsula, Morowali encompasses an interesting mosaic of forest on ultrabasic soils, limestone and alluvial plains. Thisrarely birded reserve would certainly repay further investigation. SOUTH-EAST SULAWESI Rawa Aopa/Watumohae - Area: 968 sq km. Elevation: 100-1000m. Status National Park. An interesting combination of swamp. hill and coastal forest. Virtually no birders have visited this area and it remains ornithologycally poorly know. SOUTH SULAWESI Bantimurung and Karaenta - Area: 20,018ha. Elevation: 100-750m. Status: National Park. A attractive reserve encompassing lowland and foothill forest, including some inaccessible limestone karst country. The reserve supports a number of Sulawesi's endemic and localised resident birds including the Black-ringed White-eye. Lompobattang Massif - Area: c. 20,000ha. Elevation: 1000-2900m. Status: Proposed Strict Nature Reserve. Home to many montane species including the little know and highly localised Lompobattang Flycatcher. The forest of this isolated massif, visible from Sulawesi' capital, Makasar, are under increasing threat as farmers continue to clear land for agriculture at higher and higher elevations. (book of Guide to the BIRDS OF WALLACEA)

Sulawesi Cicadabird

Sulawesi Cicadabird we founded at garden Dodolo village around 2 september 2008 in Lore Lindu National park. Widespread and locally moderately common on Sulawesi, single, in pairs and small groups. also in mixed-species foraging flocks. Incospicuous; gleans quietly but actively in the canopy and subcanopy. sometimes remains on the same perch for extended periods, permitting prolonged, clear views, inhabits primary and tall secondary lowland, hill and montane forest, lowland to 1770 m (Sulawesi)(Birds of Wallacea).

Megalith

Megalithic statues that are hundreds, if not thousand of years old, dot the Napu, Besoa, and Bada valley and are considered to be the finest stone monuments of their type in Indonesia. The origin of these massive, well worked, yet elegantly simple, granite carvings has been lost over time as they pre-date the existing ethnic groups found around the park. Various archaeological studies date them as early as 3,000 BC or as recently as 1,300 AD. They are believed to relate to ancestor worship. The tallest megalith stands at a higher of over 4 m, but most are 1.5 - 2.5 m tall. There are five cateories classified by shape:1)Stone Images- These statues have human features, but only the head, shoulders and genitalia are usually distinct. They are characterised by abnormally larges eyes and head. 2)Kalamba- These are the most common megalith shape, and resemble large urns. They may heve been cisterns, but were most probably sarcophagi associated with the burial of nobility, as traditional requires the dead to be buried with supplies for the after life. No remnants of treasures or bones remain; the assets of the Kalamba were probably raided in the 19th century. In the Napu Valley, the Kalamba are intricately carved on the outside with depictions of men, lizards, buffalo and other creatures, but in the Bada and Besoa Valleys, they are usually plain. 3)Tutu'na- These are large stone disks, probably the lids of the Kalambas. Some have carved figures and often the centres are raised. 4)Batu Dakon- Flat to convex stones featuring channels, irregular pitting and other depressions. 5)Other- Stone mortars, house supports, and several other shapes are found. Around 430 objects have been found in three districts, including 349 in Lore utara, 55 in Lore selatan, and 27 in Kulawi. the largest concentration of objects can be found at Pokekea in the Besoa valley, where there are 78 objects, 40 of which are Batu Dakon. Further objects may exist in the park but have yet to be mapped. Prior to the arrival of the Dutch, several villages were positioned around the stones and the people inhabiting them felt a spiritual connection. During conversion to Christianity, people were encouraged to relocate to new village sites, and the affinity with the stones was lost. (Book of Lore Lindu NP A Visitor's guide, 2001.)

Purple-winged Roller

Coracias temminckii we founded an pair at 2 september 2008 in Salibu area Lore Lindu National Park. Large (30-35cm, widespread and moderately common, especially at lower elevation. Inhabits forest edge, swamp forest, tall secondary woodland, savanna, open scrub woodland and lightly wooded cultivation; occasionally primary forest. Sea level to 1150 m (Bird of Wallacea). Singly or in pairs, seldom in parties of up to seven birds.

Napu Valley (Grassland)

The road through the Palolo Valley continues on from Tongoa to the Napu Valley, 115 km from Palu. Most of this scenic highway, forested route travels through the national park,first passing over a ridge and down into the Dongi Dongi Valley. It then climbs another ridge before descending steeply into the Napu Valley. On the top of the last ridge, a rough dirt road turns to the left to Anaso and Mount Rorekatimbu, which has excellent high altitude birdwatching locations.Anoas have been spotted occasionally here as well. Lake Tambing (also called Danau Kalimpaa),one of the sources of the Lariang River, lies at a height of 1,700m asl, on the lower edge of the montane forest. The surrounding rich forest is dominated by oak and beech trees, (Fagacaea) and is richly smothered with epiphytes such as the bird nest (Asplenium sp) and staghorn fern (Platycerium sp) mosses, lichens, and fungi. A large, grassy valley at 1200m with extensive wetlands and forested mountains on all sides. It's 3,000 km2 area supports approximately 12,300 people. Around 25% of the population are immigrants attracted by the availability of good farming land. (visitor guide NPLL, 2001) Good birding around Wuasa town, and in the forest edges bordering grassland Zitting Cisticola; Golden-headed Cisticola; Pied Chat; Rusty-bellied Fantail; Blue-tailed Bee-eater; Wood-swallow; Brown Cuckoo-dove; White-bellied Imperial Pigeon.